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For these reasons, the inhibition of microglia with these models was considered a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disease treatment.Īffram KO, Mitchell K, Symes AJ (2017) Microglial activation results in inhibition of TGF-β-regulated gene expression. Recently, studies showed that microglial depletion as a potential therapeutic application has benefits (such as inflammatory factors reduction, increase synaptogenesis, astrogliosis preventation) in CNS. In this study, we review recent studies that used different microglial ablation models for microglial reduction and repopulation after depletion in pathological states of CNS. There are methods for microglial ablation and reduction such as genetic tools and pharmacological inhibitors.
Thus, microglial depletion of the CNS is a novel approach that could be a useful tool to understand the microglial functions in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia show key roles in healthy CNS including promoting neurogenesis, synaptic sculpting, and maintaining homeostasis but in pathological conditions of CNS, microglial activation may exacerbate diseases. Microglia originate from yolk sac macrophages and migrate to the brain before the blood–brain barrier formation. These cells are the first line of defense that protects the CNS from damage and attacking pathogens. Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that comprise about 5–12% of all cells in the brain.
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